Circular Value Chain Model: A circular "make-use-return" manufacturing system. CIRCULAR VALUE CHAIN MODEL A circular "make-use-return" manufacturing system. DESIGN PRODUCT SOURCE RAW MATERIALS PROCURE PACKAGING MANUFACTURE PRODUCT WAREHOUSE PRODUCT SELL PRODUCT IN MARKET CONSUMER PURCHASE CONSUMER N USES REFURBISH PRODUCT CONSUMER END-OF-USE CONSUMER RETURN END-OF-USE PRODUCT COLLECTION MATERIAL USE UPCYCLE DOWNCYCLE REVALORIZE PRODUCT DISPOSE OF PRODUCT WASTE-TO- ENERGY